Thematic Radical Democracy

This thematic map assembles a constellation of living struggles that enact Radical Democracy not as theory, but as practice. This ongoing and collaborative resource documents concrete processes of collective self-government, territorial autonomy, and popular power that directly challenge the authority of the nation-state, capitalist property regimes, colonial governance, and liberal representative democracy. The experiences mapped here span multiple scales and terrains: from Indigenous nations, regional autonomous systems, and transnational movements, to rural commons, neighborhoods, urban districts, informal settlements, cooperatives, social centers, and occupied spaces governed through assemblies and direct decision-making.

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{"format":"leaflet","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"limit":2000,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"... further results","default":"","import-annotation":false,"width":"auto","height":"500px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":true,"static":false,"zoom":2,"defzoom":14,"layers":["CartoDB.Positron"],"overlays":[],"resizable":false,"fullscreen":true,"scrollwheelzoom":true,"cluster":true,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clustermaxradius":30,"clusterspiderfy":true,"geojson":"","clicktarget":"","showtitle":true,"hidenamespace":true,"template":"","userparam":"","activeicon":"","pagelabel":false,"ajaxcoordproperty":"","ajaxquery":"","locations":[{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Abahlali_baseMjondolo\" title=\"Process:Abahlali baseMjondolo\"\u003EAbahlali baseMjondolo\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EAbahlali baseMjondolo is a grassroots move\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Abahlali baseMjondolo is a grassroots movement of shack dwellers in South Africa, primarily based in Durban. The movement organizes for the rights of informal settlement residents, advocating for access to housing, water, and basic services. Abahlali baseMjondolo promotes participatory decision-making and community-led development initiatives.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EAbahlali baseMjondolo is a grassroots movement of shack dwellers in South Africa, primarily based in Durban. The movement organizes for the rights of informal settlement residents, advocating for access to housing, water, and basic services. Abahlali baseMjondolo promotes participatory decision-making and community-led development initiatives.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eand community-led development initiatives.","title":"Abahlali baseMjondolo","link":"","lat":-29.86245,"lon":31.01767,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Adivasi_Gram_Sabhas_of_Bastar\" title=\"Process:Adivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar\"\u003EAdivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EAdivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar are Indigeno\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Adivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar are Indigenous community assemblies in Chhattisgarh, India, that exercise collective self-government over territory, forests, and social life. These assemblies function as sovereign decision-making bodies, often in open defiance of state authorities and extractive projects.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EAdivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar are Indigenous community assemblies in Chhattisgarh, India, that exercise collective self-government over territory, forests, and social life. These assemblies function as sovereign decision-making bodies, often in open defiance of state authorities and extractive projects.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Estate authorities and extractive projects.","title":"Adivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar","link":"","lat":19.1071,"lon":81.9535,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Amadiba_Crisis_Committee\" title=\"Process:Amadiba Crisis Committee\"\u003EAmadiba Crisis Committee\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Amadiba Crisis Committee (ACC) is a social movement based in the Amadiba region of Pondoland in the Eastern Cape, in South Africa. It was formed in 2007 by villagers in and around Xolobeni to fight a proposed titanium mine in their area.","title":"Amadiba Crisis Committee","link":"","lat":-31.34243,"lon":29.25975,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Consejos_Comunitarios_de_Su%C3%A1rez_(ASOCOMS)\" title=\"Process:Asociaci\u00f3n de Consejos Comunitarios de Su\u00e1rez (ASOCOMS)\"\u003EAsociaci\u00f3n de Consejos Comunitarios de Su\u00e1rez (ASOCOMS)\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECreated in 1991. A process of Black People\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Created in 1991. A process of Black People in one of the regions that have been more affected by coloniaity and armed conflict. It has processes of environmental justice (fighting againts big mining and the construction of a damp); women\u0026#039;s mouvement, self-defense and non-violence based on ancestral knowledge (\u0026quot;guadia cimarrona\u0026quot;: the marron gard created by women and supported by men); comunitarian economy based on food sovereignty; work with children and young people.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECreated in 1991. A process of Black People in one of the regions that have been more affected by coloniaity and armed conflict. It has processes of environmental justice (fighting againts big mining and the construction of a damp); women's mouvement, self-defense and non-violence based on ancestral knowledge (\"guadia cimarrona\": the marron gard created by women and supported by men); comunitarian economy based on food sovereignty; work with children and young people.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Egnty; work with children and young people.","title":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Consejos Comunitarios de Su\u00e1rez (ASOCOMS)","link":"","lat":3.00901,"lon":-76.4863,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Assentamento_Normandia\" title=\"Process:Assentamento Normandia\"\u003EAssentamento Normandia\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EAssentamento Normandia is a rural settlement organized by the MST in Pernambuco, governed through assemblies and collective production. It exemplifies agrarian self-management and grassroots democracy.","title":"Assentamento Normandia","link":"","lat":-8.2845,"lon":-35.969,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Assyrian_Local_Councils\" title=\"Process:Assyrian Local Councils\"\u003EAssyrian Local Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EAssyrian Local Councils are grassroots gov\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Assyrian Local Councils are grassroots governance bodies established by Assyrian communities in Iraq and Syria to manage local affairs, defend cultural identity, and exercise collective decision-making in contexts of marginalization and conflict. Rooted in communal traditions and Christian social organization, these councils coordinate education, security, land stewardship, and social services, representing an ongoing effort toward Indigenous self-determination and democratic self-governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EAssyrian Local Councils are grassroots governance bodies established by Assyrian communities in Iraq and Syria to manage local affairs, defend cultural identity, and exercise collective decision-making in contexts of marginalization and conflict. Rooted in communal traditions and Christian social organization, these councils coordinate education, security, land stewardship, and social services, representing an ongoing effort toward Indigenous self-determination and democratic self-governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eermination and democratic self-governance.","title":"Assyrian Local Councils","link":"","lat":36.2704,"lon":43.3779,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:A%C3%B1uu_People\" title=\"Process:A\u00f1uu People\"\u003EA\u00f1uu People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe A\u00f1uu People are an Indigenous nation i\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The A\u00f1uu People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Lake Maracaibo region in Venezuela, known for their stilt-house communities and water-based commons. Their governance is organized through community assemblies and traditional authorities managing fishing territories, housing, and social life. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and communal stewardship of aquatic ecosystems, the A\u00f1uu experience represents a unique form of Indigenous self-governance and radical democracy adapted to a lacustrine environment.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe A\u00f1uu People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Lake Maracaibo region in Venezuela, known for their stilt-house communities and water-based commons. Their governance is organized through community assemblies and traditional authorities managing fishing territories, housing, and social life. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and communal stewardship of aquatic ecosystems, the A\u00f1uu experience represents a unique form of Indigenous self-governance and radical democracy adapted to a lacustrine environment.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecracy adapted to a lacustrine environment.","title":"A\u00f1uu People","link":"","lat":10.69,"lon":-71.64,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Baka_Forest_Communities\" title=\"Process:Baka Forest Communities\"\u003EBaka Forest Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EBaka Forest Communities practice collectiv\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Baka Forest Communities practice collective self-governance based on deep ecological knowledge of the Congo Basin forests. Decision-making occurs through communal deliberation regulating hunting, gathering, land use, and social relations. These practices constitute a living system of forest commons governance and Indigenous autonomy rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective stewardship.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EBaka Forest Communities practice collective self-governance based on deep ecological knowledge of the Congo Basin forests. Decision-making occurs through communal deliberation regulating hunting, gathering, land use, and social relations. These practices constitute a living system of forest commons governance and Indigenous autonomy rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective stewardship.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Etral knowledge and collective stewardship.","title":"Baka Forest Communities","link":"","lat":3.9833,"lon":13.1833,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Bakhtiari_Tribal_Councils\" title=\"Process:Bakhtiari Tribal Councils\"\u003EBakhtiari Tribal Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EBakhtiari Tribal Councils are traditional \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Bakhtiari Tribal Councils are traditional self-governing institutions of the Bakhtiari people in western Iran, regulating social life, migration routes, land use, and conflict resolution through collective deliberation and customary law. These councils operate through consensus among clan leaders and community members, sustaining nomadic pastoralism and communal stewardship of territory in the Zagros Mountains.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EBakhtiari Tribal Councils are traditional self-governing institutions of the Bakhtiari people in western Iran, regulating social life, migration routes, land use, and conflict resolution through collective deliberation and customary law. These councils operate through consensus among clan leaders and community members, sustaining nomadic pastoralism and communal stewardship of territory in the Zagros Mountains.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eship of territory in the Zagros Mountains.","title":"Bakhtiari Tribal Councils","link":"","lat":32.3256,"lon":50.8644,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Beirut_Neighborhood_Committees\" title=\"Process:Beirut Neighborhood Committees\"\u003EBeirut Neighborhood Committees\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EBeirut Neighborhood Committees are self-or\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Beirut Neighborhood Committees are self-organized assemblies formed by residents across Beirut to manage local needs, mutual aid, and collective decision-making, particularly during periods of political and economic crisis. These committees coordinate food distribution, rebuilding efforts, and community support through horizontal structures and participatory practices, embodying urban grassroots democracy outside formal state institutions.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EBeirut Neighborhood Committees are self-organized assemblies formed by residents across Beirut to manage local needs, mutual aid, and collective decision-making, particularly during periods of political and economic crisis. These committees coordinate food distribution, rebuilding efforts, and community support through horizontal structures and participatory practices, embodying urban grassroots democracy outside formal state institutions.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Emocracy outside formal state institutions.","title":"Beirut Neighborhood Committees","link":"","lat":33.8938,"lon":35.5018,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Bougainville_Autonomous_Government\" title=\"Process:Bougainville Autonomous Government\"\u003EBougainville Autonomous Government\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Bougainville Autonomous Government is \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Bougainville Autonomous Government is a self-governing political entity established following a popular struggle and peace process in Papua New Guinea. Rooted in strong community assemblies, customary land tenure, and grassroots participation, Bougainville\u2019s autonomy reflects Indigenous governance traditions adapted to contemporary institutions. Its political process emphasizes collective decision-making, territorial control, and post-conflict self-determination, constituting a significant case of radical democracy and regional autonomy in Oceania.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Bougainville Autonomous Government is a self-governing political entity established following a popular struggle and peace process in Papua New Guinea. Rooted in strong community assemblies, customary land tenure, and grassroots participation, Bougainville\u2019s autonomy reflects Indigenous governance traditions adapted to contemporary institutions. Its political process emphasizes collective decision-making, territorial control, and post-conflict self-determination, constituting a significant case of radical democracy and regional autonomy in Oceania.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eemocracy and regional autonomy in Oceania.","title":"Bougainville Autonomous Government","link":"","lat":-5.432,"lon":154.672,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Buliisa_community\" title=\"Process:Buliisa community\"\u003EBuliisa community\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EBuliisa is a rural community located in th\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Buliisa is a rural community located in the Buliisa District, in western Uganda, along the shores of Lake Albert. The community is widely known for its grassroots resistance and self-organization in response to large-scale oil extraction projects that have threatened land rights, livelihoods, and local ecosystems. Traditionally dependent on fishing, small-scale farming, and communal land use, the people of Buliisa have organized collectively to defend their territory, demand compensation, and assert community participation in decision-making processes affecting their land. Through local committees, alliances, and civic action, Buliisa represents a process of radical democracy rooted in commons defense, environmental justice, and community organizing in the face of extractivism.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EBuliisa is a rural community located in the Buliisa District, in western Uganda, along the shores of Lake Albert. The community is widely known for its grassroots resistance and self-organization in response to large-scale oil extraction projects that have threatened land rights, livelihoods, and local ecosystems. Traditionally dependent on fishing, small-scale farming, and communal land use, the people of Buliisa have organized collectively to defend their territory, demand compensation, and assert community participation in decision-making processes affecting their land. Through local committees, alliances, and civic action, Buliisa represents a process of radical democracy rooted in commons defense, environmental justice, and community organizing in the face of extractivism.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ety organizing in the face of extractivism.","title":"Buliisa community","link":"","lat":1.955,"lon":31.41,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Can_Batll%C3%B3\" title=\"Process:Can Batll\u00f3\"\u003ECan Batll\u00f3\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECan Batll\u00f3 is a large former industrial co\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Can Batll\u00f3 is a large former industrial complex located in the La Bordeta neighborhood of Barcelona that has been collectively reclaimed and self-managed by local residents since 2011. Following decades of abandonment and speculative urban planning, the community organized to occupy and transform the space into a network of commons governed through open assemblies. Decision-making is based on direct democracy, consensus, and collective responsibility, with working groups managing cultural, educational, social, and productive activities. Can Batll\u00f3 functions as a living experiment in urban self-governance, where residents exercise direct control over land use, infrastructure, and community life outside of state or market logics.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECan Batll\u00f3 is a large former industrial complex located in the La Bordeta neighborhood of Barcelona that has been collectively reclaimed and self-managed by local residents since 2011. Following decades of abandonment and speculative urban planning, the community organized to occupy and transform the space into a network of commons governed through open assemblies. Decision-making is based on direct democracy, consensus, and collective responsibility, with working groups managing cultural, educational, social, and productive activities. Can Batll\u00f3 functions as a living experiment in urban self-governance, where residents exercise direct control over land use, infrastructure, and community life outside of state or market logics.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ety life outside of state or market logics.","title":"Can Batll\u00f3","link":"","lat":41.3686,"lon":2.1325,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Cecosesola\" title=\"Process:Cecosesola\"\u003ECecosesola\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECecosesola (Central Cooperativa de Servici\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Cecosesola (Central Cooperativa de Servicios Sociales del Estado Lara) is a large-scale cooperative network based in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, operating since 1967. It integrates worker-managed markets, health services, transportation, and production without formal hierarchies or elected leadership. Decision-making is carried out through open assemblies and continuous collective deliberation, emphasizing trust, shared responsibility, and consensus rather than bureaucratic control. Cecosesola represents a sustained experiment in non-state, non-capitalist self-governance and radical economic democracy operating at a metropolitan scale.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECecosesola (Central Cooperativa de Servicios Sociales del Estado Lara) is a large-scale cooperative network based in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, operating since 1967. It integrates worker-managed markets, health services, transportation, and production without formal hierarchies or elected leadership. Decision-making is carried out through open assemblies and continuous collective deliberation, emphasizing trust, shared responsibility, and consensus rather than bureaucratic control. Cecosesola represents a sustained experiment in non-state, non-capitalist self-governance and radical economic democracy operating at a metropolitan scale.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Emocracy operating at a metropolitan scale.","title":"Cecosesola","link":"","lat":10.0678,"lon":-69.3467,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Cherokee_Community_Councils\" title=\"Process:Cherokee Community Councils\"\u003ECherokee Community Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECherokee Community Councils are local gove\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Cherokee Community Councils are local governance bodies within Cherokee communities that facilitate collective decision-making, cultural continuity, and community self-management. Rooted in long-standing traditions of deliberation and consensus, these councils address local affairs such as land use, social welfare, and cultural preservation. They embody grassroots Indigenous democracy operating alongside, and often independently from, formal state institutions.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECherokee Community Councils are local governance bodies within Cherokee communities that facilitate collective decision-making, cultural continuity, and community self-management. Rooted in long-standing traditions of deliberation and consensus, these councils address local affairs such as land use, social welfare, and cultural preservation. They embody grassroots Indigenous democracy operating alongside, and often independently from, formal state institutions.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ependently from, formal state institutions.","title":"Cherokee Community Councils","link":"","lat":35.9154,"lon":-94.9699,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Christiania\" title=\"Process:Christiania\"\u003EChristiania\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EChristiania, officially known as the Free \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Christiania, officially known as the Free Town of Christiania, is an intentional community and self-governed neighborhood located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was established in 1971 when activists, artists, and local residents occupied abandoned military barracks, declaring the area a social experiment grounded in collective ownership, consensus-based decision-making, and resistance to state authority and capitalist urban development. The community organizes itself through general assemblies and working groups, emphasizing horizontal governance, shared responsibility, and the defense of urban commons. Despite ongoing legal negotiations and conflicts with the Danish state, Christiania has endured for decades as a living experiment in radical democracy, alternative economy, and social change within an urban context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EChristiania, officially known as the Free Town of Christiania, is an intentional community and self-governed neighborhood located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was established in 1971 when activists, artists, and local residents occupied abandoned military barracks, declaring the area a social experiment grounded in collective ownership, consensus-based decision-making, and resistance to state authority and capitalist urban development. The community organizes itself through general assemblies and working groups, emphasizing horizontal governance, shared responsibility, and the defense of urban commons. Despite ongoing legal negotiations and conflicts with the Danish state, Christiania has endured for decades as a living experiment in radical democracy, alternative economy, and social change within an urban context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eand social change within an urban context.","title":"Christiania","link":"","lat":55.6739,"lon":12.6003,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Communes_Rurales_Autog%C3%A9r%C3%A9es\" title=\"Process:Communes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es\"\u003ECommunes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECommunes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es refers to a co\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Communes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es refers to a constellation of rural communities in France that practice collective self-management of land, housing, and local decision-making outside or at the margins of formal municipal governance. These communes emphasize horizontal assemblies, shared ownership, agroecological production, and the revival of rural commons as alternatives to extractivist and centralized models. Emerging especially since the late 20th century, they represent contemporary experiments in grassroots democracy and communal autonomy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECommunes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es refers to a constellation of rural communities in France that practice collective self-management of land, housing, and local decision-making outside or at the margins of formal municipal governance. These communes emphasize horizontal assemblies, shared ownership, agroecological production, and the revival of rural commons as alternatives to extractivist and centralized models. Emerging especially since the late 20th century, they represent contemporary experiments in grassroots democracy and communal autonomy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Erassroots democracy and communal autonomy.","title":"Communes Rurales Autog\u00e9r\u00e9es","link":"","lat":42.965,"lon":1.607,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Community_Cher%C3%A1n\" title=\"Process:Community Cher\u00e1n\"\u003ECommunity Cher\u00e1n\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Community of Cher\u00e1n is an Indigenous P\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Community of Cher\u00e1n is an Indigenous Pur\u00e9pecha town located in the state of Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico, internationally recognized for its process of self-determination and community-based governance. In 2011, in response to illegal logging, organized crime, and state corruption, the community expelled political parties, police forces, and criminal groups from its territory. Cher\u00e1n reconstituted its political life through traditional assemblies, neighborhood councils, and a system of collective decision-making rooted in ancestral knowledge and communal responsibility. Since then, it has governed itself autonomously, defending its forests as commons and exercising Indigenous rights to self-government, becoming a paradigmatic case of radical democracy, decolonization, and Indigenous-led social change.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Community of Cher\u00e1n is an Indigenous Pur\u00e9pecha town located in the state of Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico, internationally recognized for its process of self-determination and community-based governance. In 2011, in response to illegal logging, organized crime, and state corruption, the community expelled political parties, police forces, and criminal groups from its territory. Cher\u00e1n reconstituted its political life through traditional assemblies, neighborhood councils, and a system of collective decision-making rooted in ancestral knowledge and communal responsibility. Since then, it has governed itself autonomously, defending its forests as commons and exercising Indigenous rights to self-government, becoming a paradigmatic case of radical democracy, decolonization, and Indigenous-led social change.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eization, and Indigenous-led social change.","title":"Community Cher\u00e1n","link":"","lat":19.685,"lon":-101.951,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Comuna_13_Community_Councils\" title=\"Process:Comuna 13 Community Councils\"\u003EComuna 13 Community Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EComuna 13 Community Councils are grassroot\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Comuna 13 Community Councils are grassroots community organizations in Medell\u00edn that coordinate social, cultural, and territorial governance in a historically marginalized urban area. They operate through participatory assemblies and collective initiatives aimed at autonomy, peacebuilding, and social justice.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EComuna 13 Community Councils are grassroots community organizations in Medell\u00edn that coordinate social, cultural, and territorial governance in a historically marginalized urban area. They operate through participatory assemblies and collective initiatives aimed at autonomy, peacebuilding, and social justice.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Etonomy, peacebuilding, and social justice.","title":"Comuna 13 Community Councils","link":"","lat":6.25565,"lon":-75.61863,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Conjunto_Palmeiras\" title=\"Process:Conjunto Palmeiras\"\u003EConjunto Palmeiras\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EConjunto Palmeiras is an urban neighborhood in Fortaleza known for community-led economic and territorial governance, including Brazil\u2019s first community bank. Decisions are made through participatory assemblies.","title":"Conjunto Palmeiras","link":"","lat":-3.832,"lon":-38.4956,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Cooperation_Jackson\" title=\"Process:Cooperation Jackson\"\u003ECooperation Jackson\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ECooperation Jackson is a grassroots munici\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Cooperation Jackson is a grassroots municipalist project based in Jackson, Mississippi, aimed at building a solidarity economy rooted in democratic self-governance, worker cooperatives, and community land control. Emerging from African American liberation struggles, it promotes popular assemblies, participatory decision-making, and collective ownership as alternatives to racial capitalism and state dependency. Cooperation Jackson represents a contemporary experiment in radical democracy and economic self-determination at the urban scale.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ECooperation Jackson is a grassroots municipalist project based in Jackson, Mississippi, aimed at building a solidarity economy rooted in democratic self-governance, worker cooperatives, and community land control. Emerging from African American liberation struggles, it promotes popular assemblies, participatory decision-making, and collective ownership as alternatives to racial capitalism and state dependency. Cooperation Jackson represents a contemporary experiment in radical democracy and economic self-determination at the urban scale.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Emic self-determination at the urban scale.","title":"Cooperation Jackson","link":"","lat":32.2988,"lon":-90.1848,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Creole_People\" title=\"Process:Creole People\"\u003ECreole People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Creole People of Nicaragua\u2019s Caribbean\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Creole People of Nicaragua\u2019s Caribbean coast are an Afro-descendant community with strong traditions of local self-organization, communal land tenure, and cultural autonomy. Through community councils and regional governance structures, the Creole people participate in autonomous decision-making processes related to territory, education, and cultural life. Their experience forms part of the broader autonomous regime of the Caribbean Coast and represents a process of cultural sovereignty and radical democracy in a multiethnic context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Creole People of Nicaragua\u2019s Caribbean coast are an Afro-descendant community with strong traditions of local self-organization, communal land tenure, and cultural autonomy. Through community councils and regional governance structures, the Creole people participate in autonomous decision-making processes related to territory, education, and cultural life. Their experience forms part of the broader autonomous regime of the Caribbean Coast and represents a process of cultural sovereignty and radical democracy in a multiethnic context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eadical democracy in a multiethnic context.","title":"Creole People","link":"","lat":12,"lon":-83.77,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Dayak_Customary_Councils\" title=\"Process:Dayak Customary Councils\"\u003EDayak Customary Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Dayak Customary Councils are Indigenou\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Dayak Customary Councils are Indigenous governance institutions of the Dayak peoples of Borneo, operating through adat (customary law) to regulate land use, forest management, conflict resolution, and communal life. Decision-making is collective and consensus-based, rooted in ancestral authority and territorial stewardship. These councils play a central role in defending communal forests against extractivism, sustaining biodiversity, and preserving social cohesion across villages, constituting a living system of non-state democratic governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Dayak Customary Councils are Indigenous governance institutions of the Dayak peoples of Borneo, operating through adat (customary law) to regulate land use, forest management, conflict resolution, and communal life. Decision-making is collective and consensus-based, rooted in ancestral authority and territorial stewardship. These councils play a central role in defending communal forests against extractivism, sustaining biodiversity, and preserving social cohesion across villages, constituting a living system of non-state democratic governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Esystem of non-state democratic governance.","title":"Dayak Customary Councils","link":"","lat":-0.0263,"lon":109.3425,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Djola_People\" title=\"Process:Djola People\"\u003EDjola People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Djola (also known as Jola) people are \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Djola (also known as Jola) people are an Indigenous ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Casamance region of southern Senegal, as well as parts of Guinea-Bissau and The Gambia. Their social and political organization is historically based on village-level autonomy, collective decision-making, and consensus-oriented assemblies rather than centralized authority. Djola communities practice forms of direct democracy through councils of elders, lineage assemblies, and communal deliberation, where decisions about land, agriculture, conflict resolution, and ritual life are taken collectively. Land and forests are managed as commons, deeply embedded in ancestral knowledge and spiritual relationships with territory. Despite pressures from colonial rule, state centralization, and armed conflict in Casamance, Djola governance systems have persisted as living practices of radical local democracy and community self-organization.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Djola (also known as Jola) people are an Indigenous ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Casamance region of southern Senegal, as well as parts of Guinea-Bissau and The Gambia. Their social and political organization is historically based on village-level autonomy, collective decision-making, and consensus-oriented assemblies rather than centralized authority. Djola communities practice forms of direct democracy through councils of elders, lineage assemblies, and communal deliberation, where decisions about land, agriculture, conflict resolution, and ritual life are taken collectively. Land and forests are managed as commons, deeply embedded in ancestral knowledge and spiritual relationships with territory. Despite pressures from colonial rule, state centralization, and armed conflict in Casamance, Djola governance systems have persisted as living practices of radical local democracy and community self-organization.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Edemocracy and community self-organization.","title":"Djola People","link":"","lat":12.568,"lon":-16.273,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:El_Alto_Neighborhood_Councils\" title=\"Process:El Alto Neighborhood Councils\"\u003EEl Alto Neighborhood Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EEl Alto Neighborhood Councils refers to th\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"El Alto Neighborhood Councils refers to the dense network of neighborhood councils (juntas vecinales) that govern much of social and political life in El Alto, Bolivia. These councils operate as grassroots democratic bodies coordinating collective action, public services, and political mobilization independently of centralized state authority.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EEl Alto Neighborhood Councils refers to the dense network of neighborhood councils (juntas vecinales) that govern much of social and political life in El Alto, Bolivia. These councils operate as grassroots democratic bodies coordinating collective action, public services, and political mobilization independently of centralized state authority.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eependently of centralized state authority.","title":"El Alto Neighborhood Councils","link":"","lat":-16.5047,"lon":-68.1638,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Errekaleor\" title=\"Process:Errekaleor\"\u003EErrekaleor\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EErrekaleor is a self-managed neighborhood \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Errekaleor is a self-managed neighborhood on the outskirts of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, formed after residents and activists occupied an abandoned public housing complex in 2013. The community operates through direct democracy, collective assemblies, and shared responsibility for housing, energy, and social life, functioning largely outside state governance structures.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EErrekaleor is a self-managed neighborhood on the outskirts of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, formed after residents and activists occupied an abandoned public housing complex in 2013. The community operates through direct democracy, collective assemblies, and shared responsibility for housing, energy, and social life, functioning largely outside state governance structures.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ergely outside state governance structures.","title":"Errekaleor","link":"","lat":42.8456,"lon":-2.6724,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Exarcheia_Neighborhood_Assemblies\" title=\"Process:Exarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies\"\u003EExarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EExarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies are gras\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Exarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies are grassroots self-organized assemblies operating in the Exarcheia district of Athens, Greece. Rooted in anarchist, anti-authoritarian, and mutual aid traditions, these assemblies coordinate collective decision-making around housing, public space, social solidarity, and resistance to state repression and gentrification. Through open assemblies and direct action, Exarcheia represents an urban experiment in direct democracy, commons defense, and radical grassroots self-governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EExarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies are grassroots self-organized assemblies operating in the Exarcheia district of Athens, Greece. Rooted in anarchist, anti-authoritarian, and mutual aid traditions, these assemblies coordinate collective decision-making around housing, public space, social solidarity, and resistance to state repression and gentrification. Through open assemblies and direct action, Exarcheia represents an urban experiment in direct democracy, commons defense, and radical grassroots self-governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ee, and radical grassroots self-governance.","title":"Exarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies","link":"","lat":37.987,"lon":23.734,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:G%C3%A4ngeviertel\" title=\"Process:G\u00e4ngeviertel\"\u003EG\u00e4ngeviertel\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EG\u00e4ngeviertel is a self-managed urban quart\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"G\u00e4ngeviertel is a self-managed urban quarter in central Hamburg reclaimed by artists and activists in 2009. It operates as a collectively governed cultural and social commons, combining artistic production, housing, and political organizing through direct democratic processes.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EG\u00e4ngeviertel is a self-managed urban quarter in central Hamburg reclaimed by artists and activists in 2009. It operates as a collectively governed cultural and social commons, combining artistic production, housing, and political organizing through direct democratic processes.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eizing through direct democratic processes.","title":"G\u00e4ngeviertel","link":"","lat":53.5537,"lon":9.993,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Hafenstra%C3%9Fe\" title=\"Process:Hafenstra\u00dfe\"\u003EHafenstra\u00dfe\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EHafenstra\u00dfe is a row of self-managed resid\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Hafenstra\u00dfe is a row of self-managed residential buildings in Hamburg, Germany, occupied in the 1980s and governed collectively by their residents. It represents a long-term experiment in non-state urban self-governance rooted in direct democracy, housing commons, and resistance to speculative redevelopment.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EHafenstra\u00dfe is a row of self-managed residential buildings in Hamburg, Germany, occupied in the 1980s and governed collectively by their residents. It represents a long-term experiment in non-state urban self-governance rooted in direct democracy, housing commons, and resistance to speculative redevelopment.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ed resistance to speculative redevelopment.","title":"Hafenstra\u00dfe","link":"","lat":53.5464,"lon":9.9553,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Haudenosaunee_Confederacy\" title=\"Process:Haudenosaunee Confederacy\"\u003EHaudenosaunee Confederacy\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Haudenosaunee Confederacy is an Indige\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is an Indigenous political alliance of six nations that has governed itself for centuries through the Great Law of Peace. Its system is based on consensus, clan representation, gender-balanced authority, and collective stewardship of territory. Decisions are made through councils that prioritize harmony, responsibility to future generations, and communal autonomy, making the confederacy one of the oldest continuous systems of participatory governance in the world.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Haudenosaunee Confederacy is an Indigenous political alliance of six nations that has governed itself for centuries through the Great Law of Peace. Its system is based on consensus, clan representation, gender-balanced authority, and collective stewardship of territory. Decisions are made through councils that prioritize harmony, responsibility to future generations, and communal autonomy, making the confederacy one of the oldest continuous systems of participatory governance in the world.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E of participatory governance in the world.","title":"Haudenosaunee Confederacy","link":"","lat":43.046,"lon":-80.1246,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Hawaiian_Sovereignty_Movement\" title=\"Process:Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement\"\u003EHawaiian Sovereignty Movement\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is a lon\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is a long-standing Indigenous-led process seeking the restoration of self-governance and political autonomy for the Kanaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people. Rooted in community assemblies, cultural revitalization, and ancestral governance systems, the movement challenges the legality of U.S. annexation and promotes collective stewardship of land and resources. Through grassroots organizing and consensus-based practices, it represents an ongoing process of Indigenous self-determination, cultural sovereignty, and radical democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is a long-standing Indigenous-led process seeking the restoration of self-governance and political autonomy for the Kanaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people. Rooted in community assemblies, cultural revitalization, and ancestral governance systems, the movement challenges the legality of U.S. annexation and promotes collective stewardship of land and resources. Through grassroots organizing and consensus-based practices, it represents an ongoing process of Indigenous self-determination, cultural sovereignty, and radical democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eltural sovereignty, and radical democracy.","title":"Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement","link":"","lat":21.3069,"lon":-157.8583,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ifugao_Rice_Terrace_Communities\" title=\"Process:Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities\"\u003EIfugao Rice Terrace Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities are In\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities are Indigenous societies in the Cordillera region of northern Philippines that have governed their territory for over two millennia through communal assemblies, customary law, and collective management of land and water. Their famous rice terraces are maintained through cooperative labor systems and consensus-based decision-making, integrating spiritual beliefs, ecological knowledge, and social organization. Governance is exercised through councils of elders and community rituals that regulate agriculture, conflict resolution, and resource use, making the Ifugao a paradigmatic example of ancestral democracy and commons-based land stewardship.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities are Indigenous societies in the Cordillera region of northern Philippines that have governed their territory for over two millennia through communal assemblies, customary law, and collective management of land and water. Their famous rice terraces are maintained through cooperative labor systems and consensus-based decision-making, integrating spiritual beliefs, ecological knowledge, and social organization. Governance is exercised through councils of elders and community rituals that regulate agriculture, conflict resolution, and resource use, making the Ifugao a paradigmatic example of ancestral democracy and commons-based land stewardship.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eocracy and commons-based land stewardship.","title":"Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities","link":"","lat":16.9266,"lon":121.0563,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Igbo_Village_Assemblies\" title=\"Process:Igbo Village Assemblies\"\u003EIgbo Village Assemblies\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EIgbo Village Assemblies are decentralized \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Igbo Village Assemblies are decentralized grassroots governance systems practiced by Igbo communities in southeastern Nigeria. Characterized by the absence of centralized authority, these assemblies operate through open deliberation, consensus-building, and rotational leadership, regulating land, justice, and social life. They represent a classic example of acephalous democracy and communal self-governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EIgbo Village Assemblies are decentralized grassroots governance systems practiced by Igbo communities in southeastern Nigeria. Characterized by the absence of centralized authority, these assemblies operate through open deliberation, consensus-building, and rotational leadership, regulating land, justice, and social life. They represent a classic example of acephalous democracy and communal self-governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eus democracy and communal self-governance.","title":"Igbo Village Assemblies","link":"","lat":6.2104,"lon":7.0741,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Indigenous_Taiwan_Self-Determination_Alliance\" title=\"Process:Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance\"\u003EIndigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination A\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance (ITWSDA) is a Taiwanese Indigenous rights organization that advocates for decolonization and Indigenous self-determination. It works to establish a new, inclusive nation-building process rooted in Indigenous wisdom, protect ancestral lands and resources, and revitalize Indigenous languages and culture. The organization has requested the government to implement international covenants on self-determination and has been involved in efforts to assert Indigenous sovereignty and address issues like legal recognition and cultural preservation.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance (ITWSDA) is a Taiwanese Indigenous rights organization that advocates for decolonization and Indigenous self-determination. It works to establish a new, inclusive nation-building process rooted in Indigenous wisdom, protect ancestral lands and resources, and revitalize Indigenous languages and culture. The organization has requested the government to implement international covenants on self-determination and has been involved in efforts to assert Indigenous sovereignty and address issues like legal recognition and cultural preservation.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Egal recognition and cultural preservation.","title":"Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance","link":"","lat":23.69781,"lon":120.96052,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Indigenous_communities_in_Chitral\" title=\"Process:Indigenous communities in Chitral\"\u003EIndigenous communities in Chitral\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EIndigenous communities in Chitral practice\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Indigenous communities in Chitral practice a form of radical democracy rooted in collective decision-making, ecological stewardship, and shared responsibility, blending centuries-old customs with adaptive local governance. Systems like Sotsiri, Dane, Hujat, Phazali, and Saq empower communities to manage forests, rangelands, wildlife, and water through consensus, rotational duties, and inclusive oversight, ensuring that no single individual holds disproportionate authority. Elders, women, herders, and patrollers all participate in deliberation and enforcement, creating a deeply participatory model where governance emerges from the ground up. These practices not only sustain fragile mountain ecosystems but also embody a democratic ethos that places communal wellbeing, ecological balance, and cultural continuity at the center\u2014offering a powerful example of grassroots, ecologically grounded democracy in action.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EIndigenous communities in Chitral practice a form of radical democracy rooted in collective decision-making, ecological stewardship, and shared responsibility, blending centuries-old customs with adaptive local governance. Systems like Sotsiri, Dane, Hujat, Phazali, and Saq empower communities to manage forests, rangelands, wildlife, and water through consensus, rotational duties, and inclusive oversight, ensuring that no single individual holds disproportionate authority. Elders, women, herders, and patrollers all participate in deliberation and enforcement, creating a deeply participatory model where governance emerges from the ground up. These practices not only sustain fragile mountain ecosystems but also embody a democratic ethos that places communal wellbeing, ecological balance, and cultural continuity at the center\u2014offering a powerful example of grassroots, ecologically grounded democracy in action.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eecologically grounded democracy in action.","title":"Indigenous communities in Chitral","link":"","lat":35.85399,"lon":71.78663,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Jumma_Peoples_Councils\" title=\"Process:Jumma Peoples Councils\"\u003EJumma Peoples Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Jumma Peoples Councils are representat\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Jumma Peoples Councils are representative Indigenous governance bodies in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of southeastern Bangladesh, formed by multiple Indigenous nations collectively known as the Jumma peoples. These councils exercise regional and local self-governance over land, culture, and community affairs, grounded in customary law and collective decision-making. Emerging strongly after decades of resistance to militarization and land dispossession, the councils embody an ongoing process of Indigenous self-determination and non-state democratic organization.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Jumma Peoples Councils are representative Indigenous governance bodies in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of southeastern Bangladesh, formed by multiple Indigenous nations collectively known as the Jumma peoples. These councils exercise regional and local self-governance over land, culture, and community affairs, grounded in customary law and collective decision-making. Emerging strongly after decades of resistance to militarization and land dispossession, the councils embody an ongoing process of Indigenous self-determination and non-state democratic organization.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eion and non-state democratic organization.","title":"Jumma Peoples Councils","link":"","lat":22.7324,"lon":92.2985,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Kamagasaki\" title=\"Process:Kamagasaki\"\u003EKamagasaki\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EKamagasaki (Airin District) is a working-c\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Kamagasaki (Airin District) is a working-class neighborhood in Osaka where marginalized residents have developed informal systems of self-organization, mutual aid, and collective decision-making. These practices constitute a form of urban self-governance outside formal state control.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EKamagasaki (Airin District) is a working-class neighborhood in Osaka where marginalized residents have developed informal systems of self-organization, mutual aid, and collective decision-making. These practices constitute a form of urban self-governance outside formal state control.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ef-governance outside formal state control.","title":"Kamagasaki","link":"","lat":34.6519,"lon":135.5063,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ka%E2%80%99apor_People\" title=\"Process:Ka\u2019apor People\"\u003EKa\u2019apor People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Ka\u2019apor People are an Indigenous natio\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Ka\u2019apor People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Amazon rainforest in the state of Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil. Known for their strong systems of collective governance and territorial defense, the Ka\u2019apor have organized autonomous patrols and community assemblies to protect their forests from illegal logging, mining, and land invasion. Their governance is rooted in ancestral knowledge, communal land stewardship, and collective decision-making, representing a living process of radical democracy, Indigenous self-determination, and commons defense in the Amazon.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Ka\u2019apor People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Amazon rainforest in the state of Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil. Known for their strong systems of collective governance and territorial defense, the Ka\u2019apor have organized autonomous patrols and community assemblies to protect their forests from illegal logging, mining, and land invasion. Their governance is rooted in ancestral knowledge, communal land stewardship, and collective decision-making, representing a living process of radical democracy, Indigenous self-determination, and commons defense in the Amazon.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Enation, and commons defense in the Amazon.","title":"Ka\u2019apor People","link":"","lat":-2.45147,"lon":-46.04029,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Khasi_Dorbar_Shnong\" title=\"Process:Khasi Dorbar Shnong\"\u003EKhasi Dorbar Shnong\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EKhasi Dorbar Shnong are traditional villag\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Khasi Dorbar Shnong are traditional village assemblies of the Khasi people in Meghalaya, India, functioning as grassroots democratic institutions rooted in customary law. These assemblies govern land allocation, forest protection, conflict mediation, and community welfare through collective deliberation and consensus. Operating independently of the modern state, Dorbar Shnong embody a long-standing practice of Indigenous self-governance, communal decision-making, and stewardship of commons.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EKhasi Dorbar Shnong are traditional village assemblies of the Khasi people in Meghalaya, India, functioning as grassroots democratic institutions rooted in customary law. These assemblies govern land allocation, forest protection, conflict mediation, and community welfare through collective deliberation and consensus. Operating independently of the modern state, Dorbar Shnong embody a long-standing practice of Indigenous self-governance, communal decision-making, and stewardship of commons.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecision-making, and stewardship of commons.","title":"Khasi Dorbar Shnong","link":"","lat":25.5788,"lon":91.8933,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Khoi_and_San_communities\" title=\"Process:Khoi and San communities\"\u003EKhoi and San communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ESan (Khoisan) Community Governance refers \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"San (Khoisan) Community Governance refers to the traditional systems of collective decision-making practiced by San peoples in southern Africa. Governance is based on consensus, egalitarian leadership, and communal stewardship of land and resources. These practices represent one of the most horizontally organized forms of democracy, emphasizing social equality, conflict mediation, and shared responsibility.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ESan (Khoisan) Community Governance refers to the traditional systems of collective decision-making practiced by San peoples in southern Africa. Governance is based on consensus, egalitarian leadership, and communal stewardship of land and resources. These practices represent one of the most horizontally organized forms of democracy, emphasizing social equality, conflict mediation, and shared responsibility.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Elict mediation, and shared responsibility.","title":"Khoi and San communities","link":"","lat":-20.4637,"lon":16.6478,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Kichwa_Sarayaku_People\" title=\"Process:Kichwa Sarayaku People\"\u003EKichwa Sarayaku People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Kichwa People of Sarayaku are an Indig\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Kichwa People of Sarayaku are an Indigenous community located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, internationally recognized for their autonomous governance and defense of territory against oil extraction. Through community assemblies and collective decision-making rooted in ancestral knowledge, Sarayaku has articulated the concept of Living Forest as a political and ecological framework. Their successful legal struggle for free, prior, and informed consent represents a landmark case of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Kichwa People of Sarayaku are an Indigenous community located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, internationally recognized for their autonomous governance and defense of territory against oil extraction. Through community assemblies and collective decision-making rooted in ancestral knowledge, Sarayaku has articulated the concept of Living Forest as a political and ecological framework. Their successful legal struggle for free, prior, and informed consent represents a landmark case of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecommons governance, and radical democracy.","title":"Kichwa Sarayaku People","link":"","lat":-1.73,"lon":-77.48,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Kuna_People\" title=\"Process:Kuna People\"\u003EKuna People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Kuna Community, also known as the Guna\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Kuna Community, also known as the Guna people, inhabit the Guna Yala autonomous territory along the Caribbean coast of Panama. They are internationally recognized for their strong system of Indigenous self-government, exercised through community assemblies and regional congresses. The Kuna have maintained political autonomy, communal land ownership, and cultural sovereignty for nearly a century, making their governance system a durable example of radical democracy grounded in Indigenous rights, commons management, and ancestral knowledge.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Kuna Community, also known as the Guna people, inhabit the Guna Yala autonomous territory along the Caribbean coast of Panama. They are internationally recognized for their strong system of Indigenous self-government, exercised through community assemblies and regional congresses. The Kuna have maintained political autonomy, communal land ownership, and cultural sovereignty for nearly a century, making their governance system a durable example of radical democracy grounded in Indigenous rights, commons management, and ancestral knowledge.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Emmons management, and ancestral knowledge.","title":"Kuna People","link":"","lat":9.56,"lon":-78.95,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Kurdish_Movement\" title=\"Process:Kurdish Movement\"\u003EKurdish Movement\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Kurdish movement for freedom is a dive\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Kurdish movement for freedom is a diverse, decades-long struggle rooted in the Kurdish people\u2019s pursuit of cultural rights, political recognition, and self-determination across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. A central intellectual influence on parts of the movement\u2014especially in Turkey and northern Syria\u2014is Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019s concept of democratic confederalism, which envisions a decentralized, grassroots system of self-governance based on gender equality, ecological sustainability, and direct participation in local decision-making. Rather than seeking a traditional nation-state, this model emphasizes networks of autonomous communities cooperating across borders, offering an alternative framework for coexistence in a region marked by conflict. While the broader Kurdish struggle is far from uniform in its goals, the aspiration for dignity, equality, and the ability to shape their own future remains at its core.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Kurdish movement for freedom is a diverse, decades-long struggle rooted in the Kurdish people\u2019s pursuit of cultural rights, political recognition, and self-determination across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. A central intellectual influence on parts of the movement\u2014especially in Turkey and northern Syria\u2014is Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019s concept of democratic confederalism, which envisions a decentralized, grassroots system of self-governance based on gender equality, ecological sustainability, and direct participation in local decision-making. Rather than seeking a traditional nation-state, this model emphasizes networks of autonomous communities cooperating across borders, offering an alternative framework for coexistence in a region marked by conflict. While the broader Kurdish struggle is far from uniform in its goals, the aspiration for dignity, equality, and the ability to shape their own future remains at its core.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ehape their own future remains at its core.","title":"Kurdish Movement","link":"","lat":35.38244,"lon":47.13621,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Longo_Ma%C3%AF_Cooperative_Network\" title=\"Process:Longo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network\"\u003ELongo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Longo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network is a tra\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Longo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network is a transnational network of self-managed rural communities founded in the 1970s across Europe. Emerging from anti-authoritarian and ecological movements, Longo Ma\u00ef communities practice collective land ownership, direct democracy, and cooperative production. Governance is based on assemblies, shared labor, and mutual aid between communities, rejecting hierarchical leadership and state dependency. The network functions as a living example of sustained non-state communal autonomy rooted in ecological stewardship and collective decision-making.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Longo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network is a transnational network of self-managed rural communities founded in the 1970s across Europe. Emerging from anti-authoritarian and ecological movements, Longo Ma\u00ef communities practice collective land ownership, direct democracy, and cooperative production. Governance is based on assemblies, shared labor, and mutual aid between communities, rejecting hierarchical leadership and state dependency. The network functions as a living example of sustained non-state communal autonomy rooted in ecological stewardship and collective decision-making.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Etewardship and collective decision-making.","title":"Longo Ma\u00ef Cooperative Network","link":"","lat":43.998,"lon":5.828,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Luba_Customary_Councils\" title=\"Process:Luba Customary Councils\"\u003ELuba Customary Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ELuba Customary Councils are traditional go\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Luba Customary Councils are traditional governance institutions of the Luba people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, responsible for regulating land tenure, social norms, and conflict resolution through collective deliberation. Rooted in ancestral law and community consensus, these councils sustain communal autonomy and local democracy beyond formal state structures.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ELuba Customary Councils are traditional governance institutions of the Luba people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, responsible for regulating land tenure, social norms, and conflict resolution through collective deliberation. Rooted in ancestral law and community consensus, these councils sustain communal autonomy and local democracy beyond formal state structures.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E democracy beyond formal state structures.","title":"Luba Customary Councils","link":"","lat":-5.8962,"lon":22.4166,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Makoko_community\" title=\"Process:Makoko community\"\u003EMakoko community\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMakoko is a historic waterfront community \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Makoko is a historic waterfront community located on the Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria, widely known for its stilt-house settlement and strong traditions of community self-organization. Inhabited primarily by fishing communities, Makoko has developed informal but resilient systems of collective governance to manage housing, livelihoods, and social life in the absence of consistent state services and under constant threat of eviction. Community leadership structures, associations, and grassroots organizing play a central role in decision-making, conflict resolution, and defense of the territory. Makoko represents an urban process of radical democracy rooted in commons-based living, community organizing, and struggles for housing rights and social justice in a megacity context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMakoko is a historic waterfront community located on the Lagos Lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria, widely known for its stilt-house settlement and strong traditions of community self-organization. Inhabited primarily by fishing communities, Makoko has developed informal but resilient systems of collective governance to manage housing, livelihoods, and social life in the absence of consistent state services and under constant threat of eviction. Community leadership structures, associations, and grassroots organizing play a central role in decision-making, conflict resolution, and defense of the territory. Makoko represents an urban process of radical democracy rooted in commons-based living, community organizing, and struggles for housing rights and social justice in a megacity context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E and social justice in a megacity context.","title":"Makoko community","link":"","lat":6.491,"lon":3.391,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Mapuche_Communities\" title=\"Process:Mapuche Communities\"\u003EMapuche Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMapuche Communities are Indigenous territo\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Mapuche Communities are Indigenous territorial collectives located in southern Chile and Argentina, known for their strong traditions of self-government, communal land stewardship, and resistance to colonial and extractivist expansion. Organized through local assemblies, traditional authorities, and territorial organizations, Mapuche communities exercise collective decision-making grounded in ancestral law and cosmology. Their struggle for autonomy, land recovery, and cultural survival constitutes a transregional process of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMapuche Communities are Indigenous territorial collectives located in southern Chile and Argentina, known for their strong traditions of self-government, communal land stewardship, and resistance to colonial and extractivist expansion. Organized through local assemblies, traditional authorities, and territorial organizations, Mapuche communities exercise collective decision-making grounded in ancestral law and cosmology. Their struggle for autonomy, land recovery, and cultural survival constitutes a transregional process of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E self-determination and radical democracy.","title":"Mapuche Communities","link":"","lat":-38.74,"lon":-72.59,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Marinaleda\" title=\"Process:Marinaleda\"\u003EMarinaleda\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMarinaleda is a rural municipality in Anda\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Marinaleda is a rural municipality in Andalusia, Spain, internationally known for its long-standing experiment in municipal self-governance, direct democracy, and cooperative economy. Since the late 1970s, the town has been governed through open assemblies where residents collectively decide on land use, housing, and public policies. Communal land ownership, worker cooperatives, and strong social participation form the basis of Marinaleda\u2019s model, making it a paradigmatic case of radical municipalism and grassroots democracy within a formal state framework.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMarinaleda is a rural municipality in Andalusia, Spain, internationally known for its long-standing experiment in municipal self-governance, direct democracy, and cooperative economy. Since the late 1970s, the town has been governed through open assemblies where residents collectively decide on land use, housing, and public policies. Communal land ownership, worker cooperatives, and strong social participation form the basis of Marinaleda\u2019s model, making it a paradigmatic case of radical municipalism and grassroots democracy within a formal state framework.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Edemocracy within a formal state framework.","title":"Marinaleda","link":"","lat":37.371,"lon":-5.454,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Marsh_Arab_Community_Governance\" title=\"Process:Marsh Arab Community Governance\"\u003EMarsh Arab Community Governance\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMarsh Arab Community Governance refers to \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Marsh Arab Community Governance refers to the traditional self-organization systems of the Ma\u02bbd\u0101n peoples of southern Iraq, who inhabit the Mesopotamian Marshes. Governance is based on tribal councils, collective decision-making, and customary law regulating water use, fishing, agriculture, and conflict resolution. These practices sustain communal life in a fragile wetland ecosystem and represent a form of ecological commons governance deeply rooted in ancestral knowledge.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMarsh Arab Community Governance refers to the traditional self-organization systems of the Ma\u02bbd\u0101n peoples of southern Iraq, who inhabit the Mesopotamian Marshes. Governance is based on tribal councils, collective decision-making, and customary law regulating water use, fishing, agriculture, and conflict resolution. These practices sustain communal life in a fragile wetland ecosystem and represent a form of ecological commons governance deeply rooted in ancestral knowledge.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eance deeply rooted in ancestral knowledge.","title":"Marsh Arab Community Governance","link":"","lat":31.046,"lon":46.266,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Mazdoor_Kisan_Shakti_Sangathan_(MKSS)\" title=\"Process:Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)\"\u003EMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) is a\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) is a grassroots movement based in Rajasthan, India, known for pioneering practices of direct democracy through public assemblies and collective accountability. It organizes rural workers and peasants to exercise popular power through participatory decision-making, social audits, and community deliberation.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) is a grassroots movement based in Rajasthan, India, known for pioneering practices of direct democracy through public assemblies and collective accountability. It organizes rural workers and peasants to exercise popular power through participatory decision-making, social audits, and community deliberation.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Esocial audits, and community deliberation.","title":"Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)","link":"","lat":25.0667,"lon":73.8833,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Metelkova\" title=\"Process:Metelkova\"\u003EMetelkova\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EMetelkova is an autonomous social and cult\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Metelkova is an autonomous social and cultural center located in Ljubljana, established in the early 1990s after the occupation of former military barracks. The area is collectively managed by a network of self-organized groups through assemblies, horizontal coordination, and consensus-based decision-making. Metelkova operates outside conventional state and market governance, hosting cultural production, social initiatives, and political organizing. It represents a long-lasting experiment in urban commons and non-state self-governance in a post-socialist context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EMetelkova is an autonomous social and cultural center located in Ljubljana, established in the early 1990s after the occupation of former military barracks. The area is collectively managed by a network of self-organized groups through assemblies, horizontal coordination, and consensus-based decision-making. Metelkova operates outside conventional state and market governance, hosting cultural production, social initiatives, and political organizing. It represents a long-lasting experiment in urban commons and non-state self-governance in a post-socialist context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Elf-governance in a post-socialist context.","title":"Metelkova","link":"","lat":46.057,"lon":14.52,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Misak_Indigenous_People\" title=\"Process:Misak Indigenous People\"\u003EMisak Indigenous People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Misak Indigenous People, also known as\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Misak Indigenous People, also known as the Guambiano people, inhabit the Resguardo of Guambia in the department of Cauca, Colombia. They are widely recognized for their long-standing process of Indigenous self-government, cultural sovereignty, and defense of ancestral territory. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective land stewardship, the Misak have developed autonomous political institutions centered on community assemblies, traditional authorities, and participatory decision-making. Their struggle has focused on territorial recovery, cultural revitalization, education autonomy, and resistance to colonial and extractivist structures imposed by the state. The Misak experience represents a living process of radical democracy grounded in Indigenous cosmology, commons management, and decolonization.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Misak Indigenous People, also known as the Guambiano people, inhabit the Resguardo of Guambia in the department of Cauca, Colombia. They are widely recognized for their long-standing process of Indigenous self-government, cultural sovereignty, and defense of ancestral territory. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective land stewardship, the Misak have developed autonomous political institutions centered on community assemblies, traditional authorities, and participatory decision-making. Their struggle has focused on territorial recovery, cultural revitalization, education autonomy, and resistance to colonial and extractivist structures imposed by the state. The Misak experience represents a living process of radical democracy grounded in Indigenous cosmology, commons management, and decolonization.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ey, commons management, and decolonization.","title":"Misak Indigenous People","link":"","lat":2.611,"lon":-76.382,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Miskitu_People\" title=\"Process:Miskitu People\"\u003EMiskitu People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Miskitu People are an Indigenous natio\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Miskitu People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, with a long history of communal governance and territorial autonomy. Through community assemblies, councils, and regional Indigenous governments, the Miskitu exercise collective decision-making over land, resources, and social life. Their struggle for autonomy and territorial rights represents a sustained process of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Miskitu People are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, with a long history of communal governance and territorial autonomy. Through community assemblies, councils, and regional Indigenous governments, the Miskitu exercise collective decision-making over land, resources, and social life. Their struggle for autonomy and territorial rights represents a sustained process of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecommons governance, and radical democracy.","title":"Miskitu People","link":"","lat":14.03,"lon":-83.38,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Nasa_People\" title=\"Process:Nasa People\"\u003ENasa People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Nasa People are an Indigenous nation p\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Nasa People are an Indigenous nation primarily located in the Cauca region of Colombia, known for their strong systems of self-government, territorial control, and community justice. Organized through cabildos, assemblies, and the Indigenous Guard, the Nasa exercise collective decision-making rooted in ancestral law and communal responsibility. Their long-standing struggle for land recovery, autonomy, and peace has made them a key reference for Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy in Latin America.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Nasa People are an Indigenous nation primarily located in the Cauca region of Colombia, known for their strong systems of self-government, territorial control, and community justice. Organized through cabildos, assemblies, and the Indigenous Guard, the Nasa exercise collective decision-making rooted in ancestral law and communal responsibility. Their long-standing struggle for land recovery, autonomy, and peace has made them a key reference for Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy in Latin America.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eon and radical democracy in Latin America.","title":"Nasa People","link":"","lat":2.954,"lon":-76.27,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Navajo_Nation\" title=\"Process:Navajo Nation\"\u003ENavajo Nation\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Navajo Nation is a large Indigenous se\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Navajo Nation is a large Indigenous self-governing territory spanning parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Governance combines modern representative institutions with traditional local assemblies known as chapter houses, where community members practice direct participation in decision-making. Rooted in Din\u00e9 philosophy and land-based ethics, Navajo governance emphasizes collective responsibility, territorial stewardship, and Indigenous self-determination.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Navajo Nation is a large Indigenous self-governing territory spanning parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Governance combines modern representative institutions with traditional local assemblies known as chapter houses, where community members practice direct participation in decision-making. Rooted in Din\u00e9 philosophy and land-based ethics, Navajo governance emphasizes collective responsibility, territorial stewardship, and Indigenous self-determination.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Erdship, and Indigenous self-determination.","title":"Navajo Nation","link":"","lat":35.68,"lon":-109.0526,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Niger_Delta_Community_Councils\" title=\"Process:Niger Delta Community Councils\"\u003ENiger Delta Community Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ENiger Delta Community Councils are grassro\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Niger Delta Community Councils are grassroots governance bodies formed by local communities in southern Nigeria to manage land, waterways, and collective affairs in the context of oil extraction and environmental degradation. Operating through assemblies and customary leadership, these councils coordinate community decision-making, environmental defense, and negotiations with external actors, representing a form of popular self-governance and territorial commons management.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ENiger Delta Community Councils are grassroots governance bodies formed by local communities in southern Nigeria to manage land, waterways, and collective affairs in the context of oil extraction and environmental degradation. Operating through assemblies and customary leadership, these councils coordinate community decision-making, environmental defense, and negotiations with external actors, representing a form of popular self-governance and territorial commons management.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ernance and territorial commons management.","title":"Niger Delta Community Councils","link":"","lat":4.8156,"lon":7.0498,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Nunavut_Inuit_Communities\" title=\"Process:Nunavut Inuit Communities\"\u003ENunavut Inuit Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ENunavut Inuit Communities practice regiona\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Nunavut Inuit Communities practice regional Indigenous self-governance across the Canadian Arctic through consensus-based political institutions grounded in Inuit values and social organization. Community decision-making emphasizes collective responsibility, land stewardship, and cultural continuity, integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary governance structures. Nunavut represents a large-scale experiment in Indigenous autonomy and participatory democracy within a modern state framework.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ENunavut Inuit Communities practice regional Indigenous self-governance across the Canadian Arctic through consensus-based political institutions grounded in Inuit values and social organization. Community decision-making emphasizes collective responsibility, land stewardship, and cultural continuity, integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary governance structures. Nunavut represents a large-scale experiment in Indigenous autonomy and participatory democracy within a modern state framework.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Edemocracy within a modern state framework.","title":"Nunavut Inuit Communities","link":"","lat":63.7467,"lon":-68.5167,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ob%C8%99tea_Forest_Communities\" title=\"Process:Ob\u0219tea Forest Communities\"\u003EOb\u0219tea Forest Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EOb\u0219tea Forest Communities are traditional \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Ob\u0219tea Forest Communities are traditional collective institutions in Romania through which villagers jointly govern forests and mountain lands. Based on centuries-old customary law, these communities make decisions through assemblies of members, regulate resource use, and distribute benefits collectively. Revived and legally recognized after the fall of socialism, ob\u0219tea represent enduring forms of commons-based governance and rural democracy rooted in local autonomy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EOb\u0219tea Forest Communities are traditional collective institutions in Romania through which villagers jointly govern forests and mountain lands. Based on centuries-old customary law, these communities make decisions through assemblies of members, regulate resource use, and distribute benefits collectively. Revived and legally recognized after the fall of socialism, ob\u0219tea represent enduring forms of commons-based governance and rural democracy rooted in local autonomy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E rural democracy rooted in local autonomy.","title":"Ob\u0219tea Forest Communities","link":"","lat":46.36,"lon":25.801,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ocupa_Mau%C3%A1\" title=\"Process:Ocupa Mau\u00e1\"\u003EOcupa Mau\u00e1\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EOcupa Mau\u00e1 is a central S\u00e3o Paulo housing occupation governed by resident assemblies and collective norms. It is an active example of urban self-management. It's part of the Movimento Sem Teto (\"Movement without roof\").","title":"Ocupa Mau\u00e1","link":"","lat":-23.5505,"lon":-46.6333,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Izidora\" title=\"Process:Ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o Izidora\"\u003EOcupa\u00e7\u00e3o Izidora\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EOcupa\u00e7\u00e3o Izidora is a large urban occupation in Belo Horizonte governed by territorial assemblies and collective coordination. Residents self-manage housing, services, and political strategy.","title":"Ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o Izidora","link":"","lat":-19.8157,"lon":-43.9542,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Ogiek_Community\" title=\"Process:Ogiek Community\"\u003EOgiek Community\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Ogiek are an Indigenous Nilotic commun\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Ogiek are an Indigenous Nilotic community in Kenya, famed as forest guardians, traditionally living in the Mau and Mt. Elgon forests as hunter-gatherers and skilled beekeepers, deeply connected to the ecosystem for food, medicine, and culture, but facing ongoing threats from government evictions and land grabbing for conservation and carbon projects, despite landmark court rulings recognizing their rights.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Ogiek are an Indigenous Nilotic community in Kenya, famed as forest guardians, traditionally living in the Mau and Mt. Elgon forests as hunter-gatherers and skilled beekeepers, deeply connected to the ecosystem for food, medicine, and culture, but facing ongoing threats from government evictions and land grabbing for conservation and carbon projects, despite landmark court rulings recognizing their rights.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Erk court rulings recognizing their rights.","title":"Ogiek Community","link":"","lat":0.96671,"lon":34.55284,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Oromo_Gadaa_System\" title=\"Process:Oromo Gadaa System\"\u003EOromo Gadaa System\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Oromo Gadaa System is an Indigenous de\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Oromo Gadaa System is an Indigenous democratic governance system practiced by the Oromo people of Ethiopia, based on age-grade organization, rotational leadership, and collective decision-making through assemblies. The system regulates political authority, law, conflict resolution, and social responsibility, emphasizing accountability, consensus, and intergenerational ethics. It is one of the most sophisticated and long-standing systems of participatory democracy in the world.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Oromo Gadaa System is an Indigenous democratic governance system practiced by the Oromo people of Ethiopia, based on age-grade organization, rotational leadership, and collective decision-making through assemblies. The system regulates political authority, law, conflict resolution, and social responsibility, emphasizing accountability, consensus, and intergenerational ethics. It is one of the most sophisticated and long-standing systems of participatory democracy in the world.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Es of participatory democracy in the world.","title":"Oromo Gadaa System","link":"","lat":8.54,"lon":39.27,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Palestinian_Popular_Committees\" title=\"Process:Palestinian Popular Committees\"\u003EPalestinian Popular Committees\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EPalestinian Popular Committees are grassro\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Palestinian Popular Committees are grassroots community organizations formed to coordinate local self-governance, mutual aid, and nonviolent resistance under conditions of military occupation. Operating through assemblies and collective decision-making, these committees manage protests, land defense, social services, and community welfare. They represent a living form of popular democracy and collective autonomy in a context of systemic dispossession.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EPalestinian Popular Committees are grassroots community organizations formed to coordinate local self-governance, mutual aid, and nonviolent resistance under conditions of military occupation. Operating through assemblies and collective decision-making, these committees manage protests, land defense, social services, and community welfare. They represent a living form of popular democracy and collective autonomy in a context of systemic dispossession.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Emy in a context of systemic dispossession.","title":"Palestinian Popular Committees","link":"","lat":31.9038,"lon":35.2034,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Povo_Xavante\" title=\"Process:Povo Xavante\"\u003EPovo Xavante\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EPovo Xavante refers to Indigenous communities in Brazil that govern themselves through collective decision-making, councils of elders, and age-set systems. Their governance emphasizes consensus, ritual authority, and territorial autonomy.","title":"Povo Xavante","link":"","lat":-14.5167,"lon":-52.9,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Povo_Yanomami\" title=\"Process:Povo Yanomami\"\u003EPovo Yanomami\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EPovo Yanomami encompasses Indigenous communities across the Amazon that practice decentralized self-governance through village assemblies and consensus-based leadership. Political authority is collective and relational rather than centralized.","title":"Povo Yanomami","link":"","lat":2.8235,"lon":-60.6758,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Proceso_de_Comunidades_Negras_(PCN)\" title=\"Process:Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN)\"\u003EProceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN)\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EProceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN) is a n\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN) is a national network of Afro-Colombian communities that practices collective territorial governance through assemblies, councils, and consensus-based decision-making. It defends autonomy, ancestral land rights, and self-determination.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EProceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN) is a national network of Afro-Colombian communities that practices collective territorial governance through assemblies, councils, and consensus-based decision-making. It defends autonomy, ancestral land rights, and self-determination.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Estral land rights, and self-determination.","title":"Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN)","link":"","lat":5.6947,"lon":-76.661,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Quilombo_Kalunga\" title=\"Process:Quilombo Kalunga\"\u003EQuilombo Kalunga\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EQuilombo Kalunga is a large quilombola territory in central Brazil governed through community assemblies and collective land management. It represents an active form of Afro-Brazilian territorial self-government.","title":"Quilombo Kalunga","link":"","lat":-13.7975,"lon":-47.4589,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Qulla_People\" title=\"Process:Qulla People\"\u003EQulla People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Qulla People (also known as Kolla) are\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Qulla People (also known as Kolla) are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Andean regions of northwestern Argentina. Organized through community assemblies and traditional authorities, the Kolla practice collective land ownership, territorial defense, and customary law. Their ongoing struggle for land rights, cultural continuity, and political autonomy represents a process of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy rooted in Andean communal traditions.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Qulla People (also known as Kolla) are an Indigenous nation inhabiting the Andean regions of northwestern Argentina. Organized through community assemblies and traditional authorities, the Kolla practice collective land ownership, territorial defense, and customary law. Their ongoing struggle for land rights, cultural continuity, and political autonomy represents a process of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy rooted in Andean communal traditions.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eracy rooted in Andean communal traditions.","title":"Qulla People","link":"","lat":-22.72,"lon":-65.7,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Rapa_Nui_Community_Governance\" title=\"Process:Rapa Nui Community Governance\"\u003ERapa Nui Community Governance\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ERapa Nui Community Governance refers to th\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Rapa Nui Community Governance refers to the systems of local self-government exercised by the Rapa Nui people on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Grounded in ancestral authority structures, community assemblies, and collective stewardship of land and cultural heritage, these governance practices seek to maintain autonomy over territory, culture, and social life. Despite incorporation into the Chilean state, Rapa Nui governance represents a living process of cultural sovereignty, commons management, and radical democracy in an insular context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ERapa Nui Community Governance refers to the systems of local self-government exercised by the Rapa Nui people on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Grounded in ancestral authority structures, community assemblies, and collective stewardship of land and cultural heritage, these governance practices seek to maintain autonomy over territory, culture, and social life. Despite incorporation into the Chilean state, Rapa Nui governance represents a living process of cultural sovereignty, commons management, and radical democracy in an insular context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ed radical democracy in an insular context.","title":"Rapa Nui Community Governance","link":"","lat":-27.1127,"lon":-109.3497,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Roma_Self-Governance_Councils\" title=\"Process:Roma Self-Governance Councils\"\u003ERoma Self-Governance Councils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ERoma Self-Governance Councils are communit\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Roma Self-Governance Councils are community-based representative bodies established by Roma communities across Central and Eastern Europe to exercise cultural, social, and local political autonomy. Operating through assemblies and elected councils, these structures aim to address systemic exclusion, defend collective rights, and manage community affairs independently of dominant institutions. They constitute a form of grassroots self-governance rooted in minority self-determination and participatory democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ERoma Self-Governance Councils are community-based representative bodies established by Roma communities across Central and Eastern Europe to exercise cultural, social, and local political autonomy. Operating through assemblies and elected councils, these structures aim to address systemic exclusion, defend collective rights, and manage community affairs independently of dominant institutions. They constitute a form of grassroots self-governance rooted in minority self-determination and participatory democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Edetermination and participatory democracy.","title":"Roma Self-Governance Councils","link":"","lat":47.4979,"lon":19.0402,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Rozbrat\" title=\"Process:Rozbrat\"\u003ERozbrat\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ERozbrat is a long-standing autonomous soci\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Rozbrat is a long-standing autonomous social center located in Pozna\u0144, Poland, established in 1994 through the occupation of former industrial land. It functions as a self-governed urban zone where political organizing, housing, cultural production, and social services are managed collectively without state control. Rozbrat is one of the most enduring examples of non-state urban self-governance in Central and Eastern Europe.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ERozbrat is a long-standing autonomous social center located in Pozna\u0144, Poland, established in 1994 through the occupation of former industrial land. It functions as a self-governed urban zone where political organizing, housing, cultural production, and social services are managed collectively without state control. Rozbrat is one of the most enduring examples of non-state urban self-governance in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E-governance in Central and Eastern Europe.","title":"Rozbrat","link":"","lat":52.4249,"lon":16.8996,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Rural_Commons_of_Podlasie\" title=\"Process:Rural Commons of Podlasie\"\u003ERural Commons of Podlasie\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Rural Commons of Podlasie refer to sur\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Rural Commons of Podlasie refer to surviving communal land and forest governance practices in northeastern Poland, where local villages collectively manage meadows, forests, and shared resources. Rooted in pre-modern Slavic traditions, these commons are governed through village assemblies and customary norms that emphasize mutual responsibility, subsistence, and ecological stewardship. They constitute a living example of grassroots democracy and commons-based rural organization in Eastern Europe.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Rural Commons of Podlasie refer to surviving communal land and forest governance practices in northeastern Poland, where local villages collectively manage meadows, forests, and shared resources. Rooted in pre-modern Slavic traditions, these commons are governed through village assemblies and customary norms that emphasize mutual responsibility, subsistence, and ecological stewardship. They constitute a living example of grassroots democracy and commons-based rural organization in Eastern Europe.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eased rural organization in Eastern Europe.","title":"Rural Commons of Podlasie","link":"","lat":53.1325,"lon":23.1688,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Salween_Peace_Park\" title=\"Process:Salween Peace Park\"\u003ESalween Peace Park\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ESalween Peace Park is being developed in t\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Salween Peace Park is being developed in the territory of the Karen National Union (KNU). The KNU is an armed revolutionary organization formed to defend Karen lands and communities from Burmese military attacks. However, the KNU is much more than an army. It is an Indigenous administration that includes health, education, lands, forests, and natural resources.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ESalween Peace Park is being developed in the territory of the Karen National Union (KNU). The KNU is an armed revolutionary organization formed to defend Karen lands and communities from Burmese military attacks. However, the KNU is much more than an army. It is an Indigenous administration that includes health, education, lands, forests, and natural resources.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eon, lands, forests, and natural resources.","title":"Salween Peace Park","link":"","lat":18.0969,"lon":97.45345,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Sanrizuka%E2%80%93Shibayama_Community\" title=\"Process:Sanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community\"\u003ESanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ESanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community refers to th\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Sanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community refers to the long-standing autonomous resistance of farming communities in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, against the construction and expansion of Narita International Airport. The community has sustained collective territorial governance through assemblies, shared land defense, and self-organization.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ESanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community refers to the long-standing autonomous resistance of farming communities in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, against the construction and expansion of Narita International Airport. The community has sustained collective territorial governance through assemblies, shared land defense, and self-organization.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ehared land defense, and self-organization.","title":"Sanrizuka\u2013Shibayama Community","link":"","lat":35.7719,"lon":140.3929,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Shuar_Arutam_People\" title=\"Process:Shuar Arutam People\"\u003EShuar Arutam People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Shuar Arutam People are an Indigenous \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Shuar Arutam People are an Indigenous nation of the Ecuadorian Amazon who have constituted an autonomous territorial organization to defend their lands from large-scale mining projects. Organized through assemblies and representative councils, their governance system is grounded in ancestral knowledge, collective land tenure, and territorial sovereignty. The Shuar Arutam process exemplifies Indigenous self-determination, resistance to extractivism, and radical democracy rooted in Amazonian cosmology.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Shuar Arutam People are an Indigenous nation of the Ecuadorian Amazon who have constituted an autonomous territorial organization to defend their lands from large-scale mining projects. Organized through assemblies and representative councils, their governance system is grounded in ancestral knowledge, collective land tenure, and territorial sovereignty. The Shuar Arutam process exemplifies Indigenous self-determination, resistance to extractivism, and radical democracy rooted in Amazonian cosmology.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003El democracy rooted in Amazonian cosmology.","title":"Shuar Arutam People","link":"","lat":-2.47,"lon":-78.17,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Spiti_Valley\" title=\"Process:Spiti Valley\"\u003ESpiti Valley\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe customary governance system practiced \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The customary governance system practiced in the villages of the Spiti valley in Himachal Pradesh, India, is characterized by a local decision-making and community leadership, centered around the traditional role of the gatpo (also known as lambardar or nambardar). This customary institution, rooted in local ecological, social, cultural, and political norms, functions alongside modern Panchayat structures, and continues to play a role in collective decision-making on matters such as resource management, conflict resolution, social rituals, and communal responsibilities.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe customary governance system practiced in the villages of the Spiti valley in Himachal Pradesh, India, is characterized by a local decision-making and community leadership, centered around the traditional role of the gatpo (also known as lambardar or nambardar). This customary institution, rooted in local ecological, social, cultural, and political norms, functions alongside modern Panchayat structures, and continues to play a role in collective decision-making on matters such as resource management, conflict resolution, social rituals, and communal responsibilities.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eal rituals, and communal responsibilities.","title":"Spiti Valley","link":"","lat":32.956,"lon":78.134,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Sudanese_Resistance_Committees\" title=\"Process:Sudanese Resistance Committees\"\u003ESudanese Resistance Committees\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Sudanese Resistance Committees, Rojava\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Sudanese Resistance Committees, Rojava-inspired Local Councils in Sudan, are neighborhood-based grassroots assemblies that emerged during the Sudanese revolutionary process, organizing mutual aid, security, and political decision-making through horizontal structures. Influenced by radical democratic and confederal ideas, these councils operate independently of formal state institutions and embody popular self-governance in urban contexts of resistance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Sudanese Resistance Committees, Rojava-inspired Local Councils in Sudan, are neighborhood-based grassroots assemblies that emerged during the Sudanese revolutionary process, organizing mutual aid, security, and political decision-making through horizontal structures. Influenced by radical democratic and confederal ideas, these councils operate independently of formal state institutions and embody popular self-governance in urban contexts of resistance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eovernance in urban contexts of resistance.","title":"Sudanese Resistance Committees","link":"","lat":15.5007,"lon":32.5599,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Sura_Nation\" title=\"Process:Sura Nation\"\u003ESura Nation\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Sura Nation is an Indigenous people of\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Sura Nation is an Indigenous people of the Bolivian Andes who maintain communal land ownership, traditional authorities, and collective decision-making systems rooted in ancestral knowledge. Organized through community assemblies and customary law, the Sura exercise local self-governance focused on territory, agriculture, and cultural continuity. Their experience represents a process of cultural sovereignty, commons governance, and radical democracy within a plurinational state framework.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Sura Nation is an Indigenous people of the Bolivian Andes who maintain communal land ownership, traditional authorities, and collective decision-making systems rooted in ancestral knowledge. Organized through community assemblies and customary law, the Sura exercise local self-governance focused on territory, agriculture, and cultural continuity. Their experience represents a process of cultural sovereignty, commons governance, and radical democracy within a plurinational state framework.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecy within a plurinational state framework.","title":"Sura Nation","link":"","lat":-20.46,"lon":-66.83,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:S%C3%A1mi_Village_Assemblies\" title=\"Process:S\u00e1mi Village Assemblies\"\u003ES\u00e1mi Village Assemblies\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ES\u00e1mi Village Assemblies are traditional an\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"S\u00e1mi Village Assemblies are traditional and contemporary self-governing institutions of the S\u00e1mi people, the Indigenous inhabitants of S\u00e1pmi, a region spanning northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Organized historically around local villages and siida systems, these assemblies coordinate collective decision-making related to land use, reindeer herding, resource management, and cultural life. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and customary law, S\u00e1mi assemblies function through participatory and consensus-based practices, asserting Indigenous rights and territorial governance in the face of state boundaries, extractivism, and colonial policies. Together, they form a long-standing process of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy adapted to Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ES\u00e1mi Village Assemblies are traditional and contemporary self-governing institutions of the S\u00e1mi people, the Indigenous inhabitants of S\u00e1pmi, a region spanning northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Organized historically around local villages and siida systems, these assemblies coordinate collective decision-making related to land use, reindeer herding, resource management, and cultural life. Rooted in ancestral knowledge and customary law, S\u00e1mi assemblies function through participatory and consensus-based practices, asserting Indigenous rights and territorial governance in the face of state boundaries, extractivism, and colonial policies. Together, they form a long-standing process of Indigenous self-determination, commons governance, and radical democracy adapted to Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eadapted to Arctic and sub-Arctic contexts.","title":"S\u00e1mi Village Assemblies","link":"","lat":69.4719,"lon":25.5112,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Tiwi_Islands_Communities\" title=\"Process:Tiwi Islands Communities\"\u003ETiwi Islands Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Tiwi Islands Communities are Indigenou\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Tiwi Islands Communities are Indigenous communities located on Bathurst and Melville Islands in northern Australia. Governed through traditional clan-based authority, councils, and community assemblies, the Tiwi maintain strong systems of collective decision-making rooted in ancestral law and cultural responsibility. Their governance emphasizes land stewardship, cultural continuity, and community autonomy, representing a process of cultural sovereignty and radical democracy within a postcolonial state context.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Tiwi Islands Communities are Indigenous communities located on Bathurst and Melville Islands in northern Australia. Governed through traditional clan-based authority, councils, and community assemblies, the Tiwi maintain strong systems of collective decision-making rooted in ancestral law and cultural responsibility. Their governance emphasizes land stewardship, cultural continuity, and community autonomy, representing a process of cultural sovereignty and radical democracy within a postcolonial state context.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ecracy within a postcolonial state context.","title":"Tiwi Islands Communities","link":"","lat":-11.761,"lon":130.623,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:T%C5%ABhoe_Nation\" title=\"Process:T\u016bhoe Nation\"\u003ET\u016bhoe Nation\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe T\u016bhoe Nation is a M\u0101ori iwi in Aotearo\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The T\u016bhoe Nation is a M\u0101ori iwi in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that exercises a high degree of territorial and political autonomy within its ancestral lands, Te Urewera. Through community assemblies, traditional leadership, and innovative governance arrangements, T\u016bhoe have reclaimed self-governance and established collective stewardship over Te Urewera, recognized as a living legal entity. Their experience represents a powerful example of Indigenous self-determination, radical ecological democracy, and commons-based governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe T\u016bhoe Nation is a M\u0101ori iwi in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that exercises a high degree of territorial and political autonomy within its ancestral lands, Te Urewera. Through community assemblies, traditional leadership, and innovative governance arrangements, T\u016bhoe have reclaimed self-governance and established collective stewardship over Te Urewera, recognized as a living legal entity. Their experience represents a powerful example of Indigenous self-determination, radical ecological democracy, and commons-based governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003El democracy, and commons-based governance.","title":"T\u016bhoe Nation","link":"","lat":-38.139,"lon":176.923,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Uchupiamona_People\" title=\"Process:Uchupiamona People\"\u003EUchupiamona People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Uchupiamona People are an Indigenous c\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Uchupiamona People are an Indigenous community located in the Bolivian Amazon, near Madidi National Park. They are known for their strong community-based governance and stewardship of forest commons, integrating conservation, ecotourism, and collective decision-making. Through assemblies and communal norms rooted in ancestral knowledge, the Uchupiamona exercise local self-governance and defend their territory, representing a grassroots process of radical democracy and commons management.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Uchupiamona People are an Indigenous community located in the Bolivian Amazon, near Madidi National Park. They are known for their strong community-based governance and stewardship of forest commons, integrating conservation, ecotourism, and collective decision-making. Through assemblies and communal norms rooted in ancestral knowledge, the Uchupiamona exercise local self-governance and defend their territory, representing a grassroots process of radical democracy and commons management.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E radical democracy and commons management.","title":"Uchupiamona People","link":"","lat":-14.44,"lon":-67.52,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Upper_Karnali_Alliance_for_Leadership_and_Inclusion\" title=\"Process:Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion\"\u003EUpper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EUKALI (Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadersh\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"UKALI (Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion) is a community-led conservation initiative in the rugged northwest of Nepal, centered in the Humla district and surrounding landscapes. The project emphasizes participatory engagement, local leadership in biodiversity protection, and collaborative management of human-wildlife conflicts and community forests. UKALI supports local communities to retain autonomy over natural resource decisions and integrates traditional ecological knowledge with scientific practices.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EUKALI (Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion) is a community-led conservation initiative in the rugged northwest of Nepal, centered in the Humla district and surrounding landscapes. The project emphasizes participatory engagement, local leadership in biodiversity protection, and collaborative management of human-wildlife conflicts and community forests. UKALI supports local communities to retain autonomy over natural resource decisions and integrates traditional ecological knowledge with scientific practices.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Egical knowledge with scientific practices.","title":"Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion","link":"","lat":29.8261,"lon":81.292,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Uwott%C3%BCja_(Piaroa)_People\" title=\"Process:Uwott\u00fcja (Piaroa) People\"\u003EUwott\u00fcja (Piaroa) People\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Uwott\u00fcja People, also known as the Pia\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Uwott\u00fcja People, also known as the Piaroa, inhabit the Amazon region of southern Venezuela and are known for their egalitarian social organization and strong systems of communal decision-making. Their governance emphasizes autonomy, non-coercion, and collective stewardship of land and resources, rooted in ancestral cosmology. The Uwott\u00fcja experience represents a long-standing form of radical democracy, commons governance, and Indigenous self-determination.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Uwott\u00fcja People, also known as the Piaroa, inhabit the Amazon region of southern Venezuela and are known for their egalitarian social organization and strong systems of communal decision-making. Their governance emphasizes autonomy, non-coercion, and collective stewardship of land and resources, rooted in ancestral cosmology. The Uwott\u00fcja experience represents a long-standing form of radical democracy, commons governance, and Indigenous self-determination.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Ernance, and Indigenous self-determination.","title":"Uwott\u00fcja (Piaroa) People","link":"","lat":5.66,"lon":-67.62,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Wamp%C3%ADs_Nation\" title=\"Process:Wamp\u00eds Nation\"\u003EWamp\u00eds Nation\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Wamp\u00eds Nation is an Indigenous autonom\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Wamp\u00eds Nation is an Indigenous autonomous territorial government in the northern Peruvian Amazon. Formally constituted to defend ancestral territory, rivers, and forests, the Wamp\u00eds govern themselves through assemblies and representative councils rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective decision-making. Their process centers on territorial sovereignty, environmental defense, and resistance to extractivism, constituting a contemporary example of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy in the Amazon region.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Wamp\u00eds Nation is an Indigenous autonomous territorial government in the northern Peruvian Amazon. Formally constituted to defend ancestral territory, rivers, and forests, the Wamp\u00eds govern themselves through assemblies and representative councils rooted in ancestral knowledge and collective decision-making. Their process centers on territorial sovereignty, environmental defense, and resistance to extractivism, constituting a contemporary example of Indigenous self-determination and radical democracy in the Amazon region.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003End radical democracy in the Amazon region.","title":"Wamp\u00eds Nation","link":"","lat":-4.86878,"lon":-78.01954,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Yolngu_Nations\" title=\"Process:Yolngu Nations\"\u003EYolngu Nations\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Yolngu Nations are Indigenous peoples \u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Yolngu Nations are Indigenous peoples of Arnhem Land in northern Australia, known for their complex systems of clan governance, consensus-based decision-making, and customary law known as rom. Organized through assemblies of elders and clan leaders, Yolngu governance emphasizes collective responsibility, land stewardship, and cultural continuity. Their long-standing resistance to colonial governance and assertion of autonomy represent a living form of Indigenous radical democracy and cultural sovereignty.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Yolngu Nations are Indigenous peoples of Arnhem Land in northern Australia, known for their complex systems of clan governance, consensus-based decision-making, and customary law known as rom. Organized through assemblies of elders and clan leaders, Yolngu governance emphasizes collective responsibility, land stewardship, and cultural continuity. Their long-standing resistance to colonial governance and assertion of autonomy represent a living form of Indigenous radical democracy and cultural sovereignty.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eadical democracy and cultural sovereignty.","title":"Yolngu Nations","link":"","lat":-12.247,"lon":136.89,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:ZAD_de_Notre-Dame-des-Landes\" title=\"Process:ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes\"\u003EZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003ELa ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes is a terri\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"La ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes is a territorially based autonomous zone in western France that emerged from resistance to the construction of an international airport near Nantes. Established through land occupation, collective farming, and direct action, the ZAD developed horizontal forms of self-governance based on assemblies, working groups, and shared stewardship of land and resources. The community experimented with commons-based living, collective decision-making, and non-capitalist social relations, becoming a major reference for radical democracy, anti-extractivism, and grassroots territorial autonomy in Europe.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003ELa ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes is a territorially based autonomous zone in western France that emerged from resistance to the construction of an international airport near Nantes. Established through land occupation, collective farming, and direct action, the ZAD developed horizontal forms of self-governance based on assemblies, working groups, and shared stewardship of land and resources. The community experimented with commons-based living, collective decision-making, and non-capitalist social relations, becoming a major reference for radical democracy, anti-extractivism, and grassroots territorial autonomy in Europe.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Egrassroots territorial autonomy in Europe.","title":"ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes","link":"","lat":47.362,"lon":-1.712,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Zapatistas/EZLN\" title=\"Process:Zapatistas/EZLN\"\u003EZapatistas/EZLN\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe Zapatistas, formally known as the Ej\u00e9r\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The Zapatistas, formally known as the Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional (EZLN), are an Indigenous-led revolutionary movement based in Chiapas, Mexico, that emerged publicly on January 1, 1994, the day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect. Rooted in demands for Indigenous rights, land reform, autonomy, and resistance to neoliberal economic policies, the EZLN blends armed rebellion with grassroots political organizing. While the group initially took up arms, it soon shifted toward nonviolent civil resistance, creating autonomous communities that govern through participatory democracy. The Zapatistas have become an international symbol of anti-globalization, Indigenous dignity, and alternative forms of governance.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe Zapatistas, formally known as the Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional (EZLN), are an Indigenous-led revolutionary movement based in Chiapas, Mexico, that emerged publicly on January 1, 1994, the day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect. Rooted in demands for Indigenous rights, land reform, autonomy, and resistance to neoliberal economic policies, the EZLN blends armed rebellion with grassroots political organizing. While the group initially took up arms, it soon shifted toward nonviolent civil resistance, creating autonomous communities that govern through participatory democracy. The Zapatistas have become an international symbol of anti-globalization, Indigenous dignity, and alternative forms of governance.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Enity, and alternative forms of governance.","title":"Zapatistas/EZLN","link":"","lat":16.73662,"lon":-92.63885,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Zomia_Highland_Communities\" title=\"Process:Zomia Highland Communities\"\u003EZomia Highland Communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EZomia Highland Communities refer to divers\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Zomia Highland Communities refer to diverse Indigenous and highland societies across Southeast Asia that have historically organized their social and political life outside direct state control. Spread across parts of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, India, and China, these communities developed flexible, egalitarian, and locally autonomous forms of governance rooted in subsistence agriculture, mobility, and customary law. Zomia represents a long-term civilizational pattern of grassroots self-governance, commons management, and resistance to state incorporation, exemplifying radical democracy beyond formal institutions.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EZomia Highland Communities refer to diverse Indigenous and highland societies across Southeast Asia that have historically organized their social and political life outside direct state control. Spread across parts of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, India, and China, these communities developed flexible, egalitarian, and locally autonomous forms of governance rooted in subsistence agriculture, mobility, and customary law. Zomia represents a long-term civilizational pattern of grassroots self-governance, commons management, and resistance to state incorporation, exemplifying radical democracy beyond formal institutions.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003Eical democracy beyond formal institutions.","title":"Zomia Highland Communities","link":"","lat":20.788,"lon":97.038,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:Zuni_Pueblo\" title=\"Process:Zuni Pueblo\"\u003EZuni Pueblo\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EZuni Pueblo is an Indigenous self-governin\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"Zuni Pueblo is an Indigenous self-governing community in present-day New Mexico that has maintained communal governance, land stewardship, and consensus-based decision-making for centuries. Social and political life is organized through councils, religious societies, and collective rituals that regulate land use, conflict resolution, and community responsibilities. Zuni governance represents a living system of cultural sovereignty and non-state democracy rooted in ancestral law and territorial continuity.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EZuni Pueblo is an Indigenous self-governing community in present-day New Mexico that has maintained communal governance, land stewardship, and consensus-based decision-making for centuries. Social and political life is organized through councils, religious societies, and collective rituals that regulate land use, conflict resolution, and community responsibilities. Zuni governance represents a living system of cultural sovereignty and non-state democracy rooted in ancestral law and territorial continuity.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E ancestral law and territorial continuity.","title":"Zuni Pueblo","link":"","lat":35.0725,"lon":-108.8509,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Process:%C3%8Az%C3%AEd%C3%AE_Self-Administration_of_Sinjar\" title=\"Process:\u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar\"\u003E\u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Chr /\u003EThe \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar is\u003Cspan class=\"smw-highlighter\" data-type=\"2\" data-state=\"persistent\" data-title=\"Information\" title=\"The \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar is a community-led autonomous governance structure established by the Yazidi people following the 2014 genocide. Based on local councils, assemblies, and collective decision-making, it seeks to ensure security, cultural survival, land restitution, and self-determination. The process represents an emergent form of post-genocidal self-governance grounded in communal autonomy and radical democracy.\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwtext\"\u003E \u2026 \u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"smwttcontent\"\u003EThe \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar is a community-led autonomous governance structure established by the Yazidi people following the 2014 genocide. Based on local councils, assemblies, and collective decision-making, it seeks to ensure security, cultural survival, land restitution, and self-determination. The process represents an emergent form of post-genocidal self-governance grounded in communal autonomy and radical democracy.\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003En communal autonomy and radical democracy.","title":"\u00caz\u00eed\u00ee Self-Administration of Sinjar","link":"","lat":36.3216,"lon":41.8764,"icon":""}]}

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The map is constantly evolving and is fed by the dialogues, meetings, and productions that take place in the Radical Democracy Thematic Group, made up of members of the GTA Assembly.

Currently we include 91 processes in the map. We collaboratively build this resource as a way to make visible, document, and interconnect the various processes that encourage other forms of democracy in the pluriverse that we jointly try to understand and make visible.

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You are invited to contribute to this effort. If you want to collaborate, contact us.

Featured content

Radical Democracy: recovering the roots of self-governance & autonomy (2025), is a publication that collect stories of some of the processes represented in this Thematic Map.

Related resources

• Webinar series: Dialogues on Radical Democracy and Autonomy
• Declaration on Autonomy, Radical Democracy and Self Determination
• Global Confluence on Radical Democracy, Autonomy and Self-Determination (RaDASD) - 2025
• Video interviews series and podcast about Radical Democracy

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List of mapped Radical Democracy processes

• Abahlali baseMjondolo
• Adivasi Gram Sabhas of Bastar
• Amadiba Crisis Committee
• Asociación de Consejos Comunitarios de Suárez (ASOCOMS)
• Assentamento Normandia
• Assyrian Local Councils
• Añuu People
• Baka Forest Communities
• Bakhtiari Tribal Councils
• Beirut Neighborhood Committees
• Bougainville Autonomous Government
• Buliisa community
• Can Batlló
• Cecosesola
• Cherokee Community Councils
• Christiania
• Communes Rurales Autogérées
• Community Cherán
• Comuna 13 Community Councils
• Conjunto Palmeiras
• Cooperation Jackson
• Creole People
• Dayak Customary Councils
• Djola People
• El Alto Neighborhood Councils
• Errekaleor
• Exarcheia Neighborhood Assemblies
• Gängeviertel
• Hafenstraße
• Haudenosaunee Confederacy
• Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement
• Ifugao Rice Terrace Communities
• Igbo Village Assemblies
• Indigenous Taiwan Self-Determination Alliance
• Indigenous communities in Chitral
• Jumma Peoples Councils
• Kamagasaki
• Ka’apor People
• Khasi Dorbar Shnong
• Khoi and San communities
• Kichwa Sarayaku People
• Kuna People
• Kurdish Movement
• Longo Maï Cooperative Network
• Luba Customary Councils
• Makoko community
• Mapuche Communities
• Marinaleda
• Marsh Arab Community Governance
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)
• Metelkova
• Misak Indigenous People
• Miskitu People
• Nasa People
• Navajo Nation
• Niger Delta Community Councils
• Nunavut Inuit Communities
• Obștea Forest Communities
• Ocupa Mauá
• Ocupação Izidora
• Ogiek Community
• Oromo Gadaa System
• Palestinian Popular Committees
• Povo Xavante
• Povo Yanomami
• Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN)
• Quilombo Kalunga
• Qulla People
• Rapa Nui Community Governance
• Roma Self-Governance Councils
• Rozbrat
• Rural Commons of Podlasie
• Salween Peace Park
• Sanrizuka–Shibayama Community
• Shuar Arutam People
• Spiti Valley
• Sudanese Resistance Committees
• Sura Nation
• Sámi Village Assemblies
• Tiwi Islands Communities
• Tūhoe Nation
• Uchupiamona People
• Upper Karnali Alliance for Leadership and Inclusion
• Uwottüja (Piaroa) People
• Wampís Nation
• Yolngu Nations
• ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes
• Zapatistas/EZLN
• Zomia Highland Communities
• Zuni Pueblo
• Êzîdî Self-Administration of Sinjar